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This is how the famous Victoria Falls Bridge came into being

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BY SIOBHAN DOLYE

Victoria Falls Bridge was the brainchild of British administrator and financier Cecil Rhodes, who envisioned a railway scheme the length of the African continent, from Cape Town, South Africa, to Cairo, Egypt.

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The former governor of Rhodesia (today Zambia and Zimbabwe) reputedly instructed the bridge’s engineers to “build the bridge across the Zambezi where the trains as they pass will catch the spray from the Falls”.

Sadly, he never even got to visit the Falls and died before construction of the bridge began.

Set in a remote section of the African rainforest, the Victoria Falls span nearly a mile (1,708m) across the Zambezi River, which forms the border between Zimbabwe and Zambia, before dropping over 100 metres into a deep gorge.

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The bridge, built just downstream from the falls and supported by a parabolic arch spanning 156.5m, was fashioned from materials shipped on the rail line and transported across the gorge by cableway.

The design of what was originally referred to as the Zambezi Bridge is credited to British engineer George Hobson, and parts were built in Darlington by the Cleveland Bridge and Engineering Company and shipped to the Mozambique port of Beira for transport to the Falls.

Work started on the bridge in May 1904, and the concrete foundations were finally ready in October.

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Meanwhile, the anchorages for sustaining the main span during its cantilever stage were prepared, and the building of the main bridge structure began on October 21.

The two side spans of the bridge, supported on the abutments and anchored to the rock behind by steel cables, were completed in late December 1904.

Engineers erected the main arch simultaneously from either side as two cantilevers, with the two arms anchored on either side by 12 high-tension steel wire hawsers running through galleries cut into the rock.

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As the work was proceeding from the two sides of the gorge, the engineers took observations each day to see that the centre line of the bridge was maintained.

In April 1905, the engineers linked the bridge’s main arch together.

They said the calculations were so precise that chief construction engineer Georges C Imbault allowed for spray on the girders which would have slowed heat absorption and thus expansion of the metal.

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The bridge took 14 months to complete and was officially opened by Professor Sir George Darwin, son of Charles Darwin and president of the British Association (now the British Science Association), on 12 September 1905.

Constructed from steel, the bridge is 198m long, with the main arch at a height of 128m above the lower water mark of the river in the gorge below. It carries a road, railway, and footway.

The bridge is the only rail link between Zambia and Zimbabwe and one of only three road links between the two countries.

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The bridge did not bring the first train or the first railway to Zambia.

To push on with construction of the railway into Northern Rhodesia as fast as possible, Rhodes insisted the Livingstone to Kalomo line be laid before the bridge was finished.

Then a locomotive was conveyed in pieces across the gorge by the temporary electric cableway used to transport the bridge materials and nicknamed the ‘Blondin’ by the construction engineers.

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The locomotive was re-assembled and entered service months before the bridge was complete.

For over 50 years, passenger trains crossed the bridge regularly as part of the principal route between the then Northern Rhodesia, southern Africa and Europe.

Freight trains carried mainly copper ore (later, copper ingots) and timber out of Northern Rhodesia, and coal into the country.

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Today, one of the bridge’s main attractions is guided tours focusing on its construction, which include a walking tour under the main deck.

There is also an attraction called Shearwater that has a 111m bungee jump, including a bungee swing and zip-line.

Over the years, engineers and architects have praised Victoria Falls Bridge for its elegance of design and responsiveness to a natural setting and its practical application.

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According to the American Society of Civil Engineers, the bridge “embodies the best abilities of the engineer to enhance the beauty of nature, rather than detract from it”.

Timeline: Victoria Falls Bridge

November 1855: British explorer David Livingstone visits the Falls.

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1899-1902: The survey of the bridge site is made during the Boer War.

May 1903: Contract is awarded to The Cleveland Bridge Company to construct and erect the Victoria Falls Bridge for £72,000.

Late 1903: Georges C Imbault, a young French engineer working with The Cleveland Bridge Company, is appointed as chief construction engineer on site.

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2 September 1903: Bridge designers decide on the final location of the bridge, over the second gorge close to the Boiling Pot pool.May 1904 Construction on the site begins.

October 1904: Concrete foundations for the bridge completed.

21 October 1904: Building of the main bridge structure begins. The anchorages for sustaining the main span during its cantilever stage are prepared.

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Late December 1904: Engineers complete two side spans of the bridge, supported on the abutments and anchored to the rock behind by steel cable.

1 April 1905: Main arch of bridge is linked.

1905: Bridge is completed.

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1929: Bridge reconfigured. Its deck is widened by 13ft (4m) and raised by nearly 5ft (1.5m), to accommodate a single rail line, two vehicle lanes and two pedestrian walkways. – E&T

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Three painted dogs killed along Hwange highway as conservationists raise alarm

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BY NOKUTHABA DLAMINI

Conservationists have raised fresh concern over wildlife safety along the busy Bulawayo–Victoria Falls highway after three endangered African wild dog were killed in separate incidents within a week.

In a statement, Painted Dog Conservation confirmed that two pups from the Umkhonto pack were struck and killed by a vehicle overnight within the Hwange landscape.

“We are heartbroken to share that two pups from the Umkhonto pack were killed overnight after being struck by a vehicle along the Bulawayo–Victoria Falls road,” the organisation said on Saturday.

The group said the pack had been safely escorted across a nearby road earlier, but is believed to have been disturbed by lions during the night, forcing them to move again toward the highway where the accident occurred.

“Despite constant monitoring and intervention, moments like this remind us how fragile their survival can be,” the organisation added.

The deaths bring to three the number of painted dogs killed along the same highway corridor in less than a week, with another animal reportedly struck closer to Victoria Falls.

Conservationists warned that the loss goes beyond individual animals, highlighting the species’ already fragile population.

“It’s not ‘just three dogs’. These three could have become alphas and been responsible for producing over 300 dogs through their offspring and subsequent generations,” the statement read.

Highway poses growing threat to wildlife

The Bulawayo–Victoria Falls road, which cuts through key wildlife areas including parts of Hwange National Park, has long been flagged as a danger zone for animals.

The highway is a major tourism and freight route linking Bulawayo to Victoria Falls, carrying heavy traffic volumes that include haulage trucks, buses, and self-drive tourists—many travelling at high speeds, particularly at night.

Wildlife frequently crosses this corridor as it bisects natural habitats and migration routes, bringing animals such as elephants, lions and painted dogs into direct conflict with vehicles.

Conservation groups have repeatedly called for stricter enforcement of speed limits, improved signage, and traffic calming measures in wildlife zones, especially at night when visibility is poor and animal movement increases.

Calls for action

Painted Dog Conservation urged motorists to slow down and remain vigilant when driving through wildlife areas.

“We urge all road users to slow down—especially at night—and call on authorities to strengthen and enforce speed reduction measures in wildlife areas. Their survival depends on it.”

The deaths come amid growing concern over human-wildlife conflict in Matabeleland North, where expanding infrastructure and traffic volumes continue to put pressure on endangered species.

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Hwange West MP demands urgent action after two killed by elephants in Victoria Falls

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BY NOKUTHABA DLAMINI 

VICTORIA FALLS – Hwange West legislator Vusumuzi Moyo has called for urgent and decisive intervention to address escalating human-elephant conflict after two people were killed by elephants in Victoria Falls within the space of a week.

Rising on a point of national interest in the National Assembly, Moyo said the recent deaths had left families in mourning and exposed the growing danger faced by communities living near wildlife corridors.

“In closing, Mr Speaker Sir, I want to convey my message to two families within Victoria Falls. This happened within a week. They lost their lives because of this conflict,” Moyo said. “In a space of a week, two families are mourning the loss of their loved ones.”

Victoria Falls and surrounding communities, which border wildlife areas, have in recent years experienced increased incidents of elephants straying into residential areas, destroying crops and infrastructure, and in some cases fatally attacking residents.

Moyo told Parliament that the crisis must no longer be viewed solely as a conservation issue but as a matter of human dignity and national development.

“My issue is not merely about wildlife management. It is about national development, constitutional responsibility and ultimately, protecting human dignity,” he said.

He warned that communities from Kariba to Binga, and in tourism corridors around Victoria Falls, are “under siege” from escalating human-elephant conflict.

“Families are losing crops, infrastructure is being destroyed and tragically, lives continue to be lost. This House cannot ignore the cries of rural citizens who coexist with wildlife every day,” Moyo said.

The Hwange West MP defended previous government decisions to cull elephants in high-conflict zones, arguing that such measures were sometimes necessary to restore ecological balance and protect human life.

“These are not acts of recklessness but acts of necessity because conservation must never come at the expense of human survival,” he said.

While acknowledging the importance of non-lethal measures such as fencing and translocation, Moyo said in some areas those interventions were no longer sufficient on their own.

He urged authorities to urgently implement provisions of the Parks and Wildlife Act, promulgated on 28 November 2025, particularly in communities bordering national parks.

“It is my sincere hope that the implementation of the Parks and Wildlife Act… will be taken to the areas that border within national parks so that people appreciate and that the regulations can be done as fast as possible,” he said.

Moyo stressed that Parliament must strike a balance between conservation and protecting human life.

“The people are not asking Parliament to choose between elephants and human beings. They are asking us to restore the balance,” he said.

The latest fatalities have renewed debate in Victoria Falls over how authorities can better safeguard residents while maintaining Zimbabwe’s strong conservation reputation.

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Hwange lion DNA helps convict poachers for first time

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BY BBC

Lion DNA has been used to successfully prosecute poachers for the first time in the world, it has emerged.

Wildlife crime experts have only just revealed how they were able to identify the individual animal from body parts found in a suspect’s village, as they matched a profile on Zimbabwe’s lion database.

A blood sample had previously been taken from the male lion, which was being tracked by authorities in Hwange National Park – using a radio collar.

Two poachers were convicted for the 2024 incident and sent to prison in what is thought to be the first prosecution of its kind.

 

The details of the convictions and the role the DNA database played have been previously unknown.

Non-governmental organisation (NGO) Traffic, which works to combat the illegal trade in wildlife, has shared the detail with us.

In May 2024, authorities in Hwange National Park became suspicious after a radio collar worn by a male lion stopped working.

Investigators and police traced its last known position and found a snare with lion fur attached to it.

After collecting forensic evidence they questioned two men in a nearby village and discovered three sacks of meat, 16 lion claws and four teeth. These body parts would later be tested against the database, with the DNA from all matching the profile of that missing lion.

But possessing lion parts is not necessarily a crime in Zimbabwe.

Having them can be explained away as old, traditional ornaments or as coming from an animal that died of natural causes.

This has been an obstacle to prosecutions in the past.

But thanks to a breakthrough in DNA profiling, that’s now changed.

The lab generated a DNA profile from the recovered body parts and compared this to the profile previously generated from a blood sample of the lion with the radio collar.

The two profiles matched and scientists were able to identify the specific missing animal.

Over the last eight years the Victoria Falls Wildlife Trust (VFWT) has received about £250,000 from the People’s Postcode Lottery in the UK to build up the DNA database of lions in Zimbabwe.

The scientist at the trust, who made the discovery, asked to remain anonymous for his own safety, but said:

“Before we had access to this technology, we were only able to do species identification, but sometimes that’s not enough.

“We can essentially match those claws or those products to the lion of interest that we are looking for.”

Within 10 days of the killing, the DNA evidence was presented in court.

Two men pleaded guilty and were given 24 month prison sentences.

The hearing was told the value of the lion was about $20,000.

Richard Scobey, Traffic’s executive director, said “countries now have the forensic capability to bring, solid science-based evidence to court” and that it will have global impact.

This is understood to be the first time that DNA from an individual lion has been identified and used to prosecute poachers.

Professor Rob Ogden has been closely involved in setting up the project and is co- founder of the organisation Trace, which promotes the use of forensic science in wildlife law enforcement.

He says the prosecution gives “a message of hope” and shows what can be done using a combination of training, research and development and forensic casework.

Recent figures suggest an increase in the number of lions being killed for their body parts which are then sold both as cultural objects in Africa and for traditional Chinese medicine.

It is thought the rise may be down to organised crime gangs also involved in the illegal trade in Rhino horn and ivory trafficking.

In Mozambique between 2010 and 2023, 426 lions were killed as a result of contact with humans with a quarter linked to deliberate poaching.

A measure of the scale of the trade is also the number of seizures by the authorities in recent years.

That includes 17 lion skulls found in Lusaka in 2021, reportedly en-route from South Africa, and a 2023 seizure in Maputo of more than 300kg of lion body parts.

Which is why this breakthrough on DNA identification is seen as sending an important message to would-be poachers.

 

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