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Villagers Brace for Another Displacement. This Time, It’s for Coal

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BY GAMUCHIRAI MASIYIWA

Binga, Zimbabwe — When Esther Musaka was a little girl, a large lorry dropped her family off in the middle of the wilderness. It was the late 1950s, and construction of Kariba Dam was underway. As the newly formed Lake Kariba — to date, the world’s largest man-made reservoir — swallowed large tracts of fertile land, it displaced an estimated 57,000 Tonga people living on both sides of the Zambezi River, including Musaka. Now 72, she remembers her parents piecing together temporary shelters of grass and branches. It took them nearly a year to settle.

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Decades later, the trauma of that upheaval is being felt afresh as families in Muchesu, a village in the country’s west, brace for another displacement — this time, the result of a coal mining project. In 2010, Monaf Investments Private Ltd., a local firm, was granted a special permit for coal exploration in the region; this year, it is set to commence extraction. Mining accounts for 60% of Zimbabwe’s annual exports and contributes roughly 16% to the country’s gross domestic product; the government aims to build it into a $12 billion industry by 2023. Observers, however, warn that the rush to exploit the country’s mineral resources is leading to widespread upheaval. According to one 2019 report by a local watchdog, mining projects were slated to displace at least 30,000 families within five years.

Dust engulfs the road to Muchesu, the gravel-laden trucks and bulldozers moving back and forth on it barely visible. The mining company is widening the road to facilitate heavier traffic. In Muchesu, villagers have been told not to build any new structures. Thirty-eight families are slated for relocation in the first phase of the project, says local councilor Mathias Mwinde. Another 105 will be displaced in the second phase. No one knows for certain where they will be relocated.

At her age, Musaka is racked with anxiety at the prospect of starting anew. “Who will clear the land for me?” she asks sorrowfully, smoking a gourd pipe outside her home. “I am no longer fit to do all that.”

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Nothando Mugande Mudimba, 37, was born in Muchesu. When her grandparents settled here decades ago, they struggled with wild animals for years, and she worries she will have to, too. “It will be hard to safeguard our livestock if we are moved to the mountainous area that we suspect they will take us to, because there are hyenas, elephants and lions in those forests,” she says. “I have three cows, five goats and more than 20 chickens, which can become meals for the wild animals there. We want them to ensure that we are well protected before they move us and ensure we have access to water, fencing and roads, clinics and schools.”

Village headman Wilson Munkombwe Siamulafu I, 71, worries about ready access to water. Like many others, he grows tomatoes, cabbage and rapeseed to sell locally. His grandparents used to live in Muchesu, he says, and were chased away during the colonial era — only to return in the 1950s, when the construction of Kariba Dam displaced them. “My parents said that they walked to this place because they knew it had fertile soil,” he says. “Others were brought later, by trucks.”

A tall, slim man who squints when he speaks, Munkombwe can’t help but feel helpless. “I have nothing that I can do or say because they have already chased us,” he says. “We will only follow what they say.”

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Shadreck Mwinde, 64, has already begun to feel the effects of the project. In 2020, the mine subsumed his field. The company promised him 1 ton of maize each year until the households were relocated. “I was given 1 ton last year in February,” he says, “and this year nothing has come.” (Monaf Investments did not respond to requests for comment.) This season, he cultivated a borrowed piece of land — but it yielded only four 50-kilogram (110-pound) bags of maize, not nearly enough to sustain his family of 14 children, 10 of whom live with him and his wife. He has already sold a cow to cover their schooling costs.

Earlier this year, in March, construction workers drilled two holes near his house, destroying some trees in his compound. The holes were left uncovered for a week, Mwinde says, and treated with chemicals; when it rained the holes filled with water. “Four of my goats died,” he says. “I do not know if it was because of those chemicals.” In late June, about 50 meters (164 feet) away from his house, there was a large open hole, 9 meters (30 feet) deep, guarded by security personnel. “Even though someone is manning this place, the hole is dangerous for both our children and animals,” Mwinde says, pointing toward it.

Alarmed by the rising trend in mining-induced displacements, a coalition of nongovernmental organizations collectively called Publish What You Pay has petitioned the Zimbabwean government to protect the rights of the affected. “In Zimbabwe, mining companies often fail to pay adequate and prompt compensation, give people adequate notice and follow due process before relocation,” its petition notes, adding that any project that necessitates displacement must require the unreserved consent of affected communities, relocation with prompt and fair compensation, resource sharing and adherence to international best practices.

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Effort Nkazimulo Dube, a fellow at the Zimbabwe Environmental Law Association, says mining-induced displacement is a growing trend. “But it’s not widely talked about, especially when communities are not coming up to report the matter,” he says, noting that there have been cases in which people who oppose mining projects are singled out. “I am not aware of any laws that prohibit double displacement,” he adds. “Mining is given a top priority in our laws, so if minerals are discovered where people live, there is a possibility of being displaced again.”

Mathias Mwinde says, “The eviction happening now is better than what happened in the 1950s. We agreed that no one will be moved before houses are built, there is access to water and affected people are given first preference for employment.” But he notes that Monaf Investments has not been clear on how much monetary compensation each family will receive. Meanwhile, Richard Moyo, state minister for provincial affairs and devolution in Matabeleland North, says the villagers are not being evicted — rather, it is “rural organization for rural development.” He adds that “intensive and extensive consultations are carried out to allow buy-in of the community.”

“Government, under new dispensation, respects property rights and upholds constitutionalism,” he says, “hence the concerns of the affected community are taken on board with a view to make whatever investment to give that community a better livelihood.” Indeed, the new development pleases some in Muchesu. Chitondezyo Murisaka, 31 and a father of one, has worked at the mine for the past five months and earns a daily wage of $7. “Because of the job, I have managed to pay part of my lobola [a bride price paid by the husband to the wife’s family] for my wife,” he says.

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But Musaka and Mudimba worry that what will be lost can never be compensated. “My children’s ancestral spirits are here,” says Mudimba. “Sometimes when a child gets sick, prophets and traditional healers tell you to visit the graves and do certain things for the child to heal.” Musaka says many of her relatives were buried along the Zambezi where her family used to live. “Their graves were covered by the river, and we have no trace of them anymore. This is what is going to happen again,” she says. In her old age, her one wish is to be buried beside her husband. “If I am moved, that will not happen.”- Global Press

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In the community

Drought has brought trucks of shame to Lupane

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BY NOKUTHABA DLAMINI

In rural Lubimbi and Gwayi, Lupane district, the drought has done more than dry up rivers; it is straining communities.

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Year after year, the rains fail, fields are left cracked and hunger tightens its grip. Now, girls as young as 14 are being drawn into sex work—sometimes with their parents’ knowledge—just to put food on the table.

At Gwayi growth point, where haulage trucks park overnight along the Victoria Falls–Bulawayo highway, the trade is an open secret.

Harvest of Pain

“We see a lot of trucks coming here to park,” says Coster Ncube, a Gwayi villager. “Parents end up allowing their daughters to roam around at night for sex work because there’s no food at home. The fathers are unemployed and poverty is crushing us.”

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Ncube’s voice carries both anger and grief. His 13-year-old niece, who was in Grade 7, recently fell pregnant after being sexually exploited by a married man who has since vanished.

“She’s in hospital now, waiting to give birth,” he told NewsHub on 26 September. “It’s heartbreaking. These are children who should be in school, not out here dying of diseases.”

He adds that the girls often come from as far as Jotsholo, Mabale, Cross Dete, Lupote and Lupane Centre—hundreds of kilometres away—drawn by the trucks and the chance to earn a few dollars through commercial sex.

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“They’re between 14 and 21,” he says. “All they want is survival.”

For Selina Mthupha, a 47-year-old widow and small-scale farmer in Lubimbi, climate change has turned her once productive fields into dust.

“We used to have maize and groundnuts stacked in our granaries,” she says. “Now, even the millet dies before it tassels. The borehole water is salty, and the riverbeds are dry.”

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She says she struggles to feed her two teenage daughters. “When I hear that girls their age are doing sex work for two dollars, I don’t judge. I cry. Because hunger can make you do things you never thought possible.”

Selina says she once dreamed of sending her children to college. “Now I just dream of rain.”

The desperation in Lupane mirrors findings from national research.

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A 2025 study titled “Climate Change and the Feminisation of Poverty in Africa” established that climate change in rural Zimbabwe is deepening food insecurity and forcing women and girls into survival strategies that expose them to exploitation.

The study noted that failed harvests and long dry spells have left women with fewer economic options and greater vulnerability to abuse and transactional sex.

Another report published in 2021, “Challenges Faced by Rural People in Mitigating the Effects of Climate Change in the Mazungunye Community, Masvingo Province”, found that communities were already suffering the direct impacts of climate change: failed crops, loss of livestock, and worsening poverty.

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It warned that most rural families lack access to climate-adaptive resources, leaving them trapped in a cycle of vulnerability.

For Ruth Bikwa, director of Hopeville, an organisation which works in child protection in Hwange’s Matabeleland North province, the crisis reflects a dangerous intersection of climate change, poverty, and neglect.

“When harvests fail and there’s nothing to eat, girls start finding other means to survive,” she explains.

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“It’s not about choice, it’s about hunger. They trade sex for one or two dollars, just enough to buy mealie-meal or soap. And once they start, they face abuse, disease, and stigma. It becomes a trap.”

Bikwa says when droughts and economic shocks worsen, so does child exploitation. “It follows the poverty line. The harsher the climate, the more vulnerable the children become.”

“We Are Failing Our Children”

At Gwayi Centre, a resident, Shelter Vengesai Mpofu says drought has turned daily life into a survival theatre.

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“Our boreholes run dry by midday,” she says. “We used to harvest from our fields, but now there’s nothing. The children see others making money from truck drivers and think that’s their only chance.”

She pauses, then continues: “We are failing our children — not because we want to, but because poverty leaves us helpless.”

At Gwayi Valley Primary School, teacher Mthulisi Ncube (name changed as teachers are not always allowed to speak directly with the press) says climate change is not only wiping out crops but also the classroom.

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“We’ve lost many girls from the upper grades,” he says. “Some stop coming because they don’t have uniforms or sanitary pads. Others are lured by quick money. You can tell when hunger follows a child. They stop concentrating, then they disappear.”

He says teachers try to intervene, but most families are too poor to cope. “How do you tell a hungry child to stay in school when there’s no food at home? It’s better though now because the government at times provides hot meals in schools after realising this challenge.”

“It’s Laziness, Not Hunger”

Ward 24 councillor Senzeni Sibanda sees things differently.

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“Our children don’t want to go to school or do physical work,” she says. “We have a vocational training centre and detergent-making lessons for just three dollars, but they refuse. They prefer quick money.”

Sibanda says her office has appealed for limits on overnight truck parking but was told the law allows drivers to rest anywhere along the road.

“The trucks bring prostitution, yes, but our youths are also lazy. They don’t want to work.”

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Her remarks, however, clash sharply with what parents and activists say: that climate-induced poverty, not laziness, is driving desperation.

Human rights advocates warn that without urgent action — food relief, youth empowerment programs, and climate adaptation projects — the situation will worsen.

“It’s easy to judge,” says Bikwa, “but when the earth no longer gives, people do what they must to survive.”

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For many families, this is what climate change looks like—not just cracked soil and empty dams, but lost childhoods and futures fading in the dust.

A 2024 parliamentary meeting revealed a staggering statistic: 4 557 school girls dropped out of school due to pregnancy in 2023 alone.

The majority of these girls (3 942) were from rural schools, and most were in secondary school.

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Then, minister of Primary and Secondary Education, Torerai Moyo, said the Education Management Information System (EMIS) tracked these annual figures, and that the government was introducing guidance, counselling in schools, and legal protections via the Education Amendment Act of 2020, allowing pregnant girls to take a two week maternity leave and return.

Recent statistics from the National AIDS Council (NAC) show that Matabeleland North Province has an adult HIV prevalence rate of about 14.4–14.5% among people aged 15 and above, significantly higher than the national average of around 11.7%.

This elevated rate is linked to factors such as increased sex work around mining sites and business centres, migration, spousal separation, and inconsistent condom use. NAC has specifically flagged Bubi District as one of the areas with high risk due to mining and business centre activity, as well as Lupane and Hwange.

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SOURCE: Newshub

 

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Hwange women unite against breast cancer

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BY DANIEL MOLOKELE 

Hwange – Some good news from the coalfields!

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Women from across Hwange Central Constituency have taken a united stance against breast cancer, joining hands to raise awareness and educate their communities about one of the deadliest diseases affecting women in Zimbabwe.

Earlier today, scores of women representatives drawn from several wards across the constituency gathered at Makwika Ward 15 for a belated Breast Cancer Awareness Month event.

Breast Cancer Awareness Month is celebrated globally every October, but the Hwange Central event had to be postponed from the third weekend of October due to various factors. Despite the delay, the women turned out in large numbers, showing their commitment to the fight against cancer.

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During the awareness session, the participants went through an informative health education programme where they were taught the basic facts about breast cancer in Zimbabwe. The discussions also covered other deadly cancers that continue to challenge the country’s public healthcare system — including cervical, prostate, and lung cancer, among others.

The most important message shared during the event was the need to intensify awareness campaigns at the community level so that people can start recognizing early symptoms and seek medical attention in time.

Zimbabwe continues to struggle in its fight against all forms of cancer because most people delay seeking medical help until it is too late for effective treatment. The women were reminded that early detection and medication remain the best strategy to beat any form of cancer.

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At the end of the event, the Hwange women pledged to conduct more breast cancer awareness programmes throughout the coming year. They also committed to encouraging women from other constituencies in Matabeleland North Province to start their own local campaigns in their respective areas.

The event, held in Hwange, marked a strong show of solidarity among women determined to protect each other through knowledge, awareness, and community action — proving that unity is indeed power in the fight against breast cancer. 🎀

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MPs raise alarm over illegal gold mining threatening Inyathi hospital

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BY NOKUTHABA DLAMINI 

The Parliamentary Portfolio Committee on Health and Child Care has raised serious concern over illegal gold mining activities taking place directly beneath Inyathi District Hospital in Bubi District, Matabeleland North — warning that the facility’s infrastructure could collapse if the practice continues unchecked.

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The revelation came during the committee’s ongoing verification visits to rural health centres across Zimbabwe, aimed at assessing the state of medical infrastructure, equipment, and essential drug availability. The visits, led by Hon. Daniel Molokele, are being conducted on behalf of the committee chairperson, Hon. Dr. Thokozani Khupe.

Speaking to VicFallsLive, Molokele said the team was shocked to discover that artisanal miners (amakorokoza) had extended their illegal mining tunnels under the hospital grounds.

“One of the things that we found at Inyathi District Hospital is that amakorokoza are now doing their gold mining right under the hospital,” said Molokele. “They used to do it outside, but now they have gone beneath the facility. There is a real risk that the infrastructure might collapse because of the underground pressure. This is lawlessness that the government urgently needs to address.”

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Molokele added that the situation reflects broader governance and enforcement challenges in mining communities, where unregulated artisanal mining continues to threaten both public safety and environmental health.

“Most of the cases that patients come with are physical wounds — largely injuries from violent clashes among the amakorokoza,” he said. “There’s a lot of violence happening there, and it is putting a heavy burden on an already under-resourced hospital.”

The committee, which began its tour on Monday in Inyathi before proceeding to Avoca in Insiza District (Matabeleland South), Gundura in Masvingo, and Mutiusinazita in Buhera (Manicaland), is compiling findings that will inform parliamentary recommendations.

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“We will produce a report that will have clear recommendations,” Molokele said. “The National Assembly will debate it, and the Minister of Health will use it to engage the Minister of Finance, especially in the upcoming budget process. We are hoping for a renewed focus on rural healthcare centres, which have been neglected and underfunded for many years.”

Molokele said the verification exercise — though limited by time and financial constraints — seeks to highlight conditions in at least one rural health facility per province.

The committee’s findings come at a time when Zimbabwe’s rural health infrastructure is under severe strain, with many facilities struggling with drug shortages, outdated equipment, and deteriorating buildings. The situation in Inyathi now adds a new dimension of danger — where illegal mining is not only threatening livelihoods but also public infrastructure meant to save lives.

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