BY GAMUCHIRAI MASIYIWA

Summary: Since the pandemic, many major economies like the United Kingdom have tightened restrictions on visas. Migrant health care workers from Zimbabwe struggle as they must live apart from their children and spouses.

When Tanya moved to Ireland for care work in 2022, she was certain of three things: Her family would join her soon. Her husband would find work. And her children would attend a good school. Initially, her move was smooth. Visas and permits were no problem. But once in Ireland, reality proved harsh for Tanya, a Zimbabwean who asked Global Press Journal to use her middle name for fear of jeopardizing her visa status.

The country’s visa restrictions for the general employment permit meant that for her husband to join her, she’d have to earn at least 30,000 euros annually for two years (about 31,500 United States dollars per year). To reunite with each of her three children, she would need to bring in increasingly more.

Tanya earns an income of about 27,000 euros per year (about 28,400 dollars). She spends her time caring for children with autism, but her own children live without her in South Africa.

“I struggle to sleep. I am always emotional. I have become too sensitive and negative towards life,” Tanya says.

Her story is common in a global economy increasingly reliant on migrant workers, who now constitute 4.9% of the global workforce. The demand has risen steadily since 2013 and surged during the pandemic. But as demand increases, so do restrictions on visa policies regarding family members who want to move to be with their spouses or parents in the world’s biggest economies.

Health care workers like Tanya in particular are in high demand. Approximately 15% of the global health care workforce is employed outside their home country or country of training.

The situation is especially pronounced in big economies like the United Kingdom, United States and Australia, where labor shortages and aging populations strain health care systems.

On the supply side, it’s countries with smaller economies like Zimbabwe that are among the main exporters of talent, especially health care talent. The migration of health workers from Zimbabwe is so severe that in 2023, the World Health Organization added it to a “red list” of 55 countries from which international recruitment of health care personnel is discouraged, due to the critically low numbers of health workers remaining to serve their home populations.

Some countries, including Switzerland, the UK, Australia and Denmark, relaxed their visa requirements during the pandemic but have since reverted to previous policies, says Godfrey Kanyenze, director of the Labour and Economic Development Research Institute of Zimbabwe, a research think tank.

There has been a rollback of what Kanyenze calls “sensible arrangements” that had enabled migrant workers to relocate with their families.

In one such reversal, the UK implemented new measures in December 2023 to curtail migration into the country, which then-Home Secretary of State James Cleverly described as “far too high.”

Among the changes is that care workers — who were in such high demand at the onset of the pandemic that the UK had to introduce a special visa for them in 2022 — can no longer relocate with their families.

The policy also increased the salary threshold — or the minimum amount of money one must earn to qualify for the visa — for all migrant workers by close to 50%. Now, migrant workers need to earn at least 38,700 British pounds (about 49,000 dollars) per year to retain their visa status.

In most cases, low-skilled workers such as care workers earn too little to meet these income requirements, says Hilda TinevimboMahumucha, senior legal consultant with Women and Law in Southern Africa, Zimbabwe, a gender justice organization.

In 2023, Sweden, a major migration hub, also announced new restrictions on low-skilled labor migration into the country. Scheduled to take effect this year, migrant workers from “third world countries” will be required to earn a monthly minimum of approximately 2,200 euros (about 2,300 dollars) to obtain a work permit, and even higher income requirements to bring family members to join them.

Receiving countries capitalize on the skill sets of migrant workers without bearing any of the costs, especially the cost of training people, says Abel Chikanda, an associate professor at the School of Earth, Environment and Society at McMaster University in Canada.

“[They] are essentially benefitting from human resource that they did not contribute towards,” he says.

For example, in the case of health worker migration, annually, Africa loses about 2 billion dollars invested in medical training when its health workers migrate abroad. Meanwhile, destination countries enjoy substantial savings by bypassing these costs.

The human cost

In the end, it is migrant workers and their families who pay the steepest price, each in their own way.

Senzeni Chiutsi, a psychologist based in Harare, says that while migration allows parents a chance to support their families economically, the children they leave behind are prone to stress and trauma.

A 2018 study on the effects of migration on children and adolescents left behind by their parents noted signs of depression and loneliness. And 8 in 10 of those interviewed reported having once considered suicide.

Already, the distance between Tanya and her children is widening. On the rare occasions she visits them, her 9-year-old son finds more comfort in video games, while her two girls remain behind the closed doors of their bedrooms.

“One time when I went there, my second child said, ‘Mommy … I don’t even know [the last time] I was hugged,’” Tanya says.

Although she stays in touch through phone calls, it is difficult because of the time difference and her working hours. By the time she is home, her children are already asleep.

The emotional cost of being abroad is just too high, she says.

“One of my friends normally jokes about how we were given the wrong information coming here,” she says. “If you’re doing well in Zimbabwe … I don’t see a need of coming here.”

That’s a big question mark. Most people move because their governments have failed to keep their end of the bargain by providing workers with fair conditions such as adequate pay, says Chikanda, the professor.

If Tanya were employed as a care worker in Zimbabwe, she would earn an annual income of about 4,284 dollars — a sixth of what she is earning abroad.

Even so, she’s set a deadline for herself of this year to return to her family if they can’t join her in Ireland.

“What if they’ll be broken adults?” she says. “It’s not like I’m going to be rich, to be honest.”

Gamuchirai Masiyiwa is a Global Press Journal reporter based in Harare, Zimbabwe.

Global Press is an award-winning international news publication with more than 40 independent news bureaus across Africa, Asia and Latin America.

BY SIRAK GEBREHIWOT

Victoria Falls – A historic gathering of seven Southern African leaders, international representatives, over 7000 children and youth took place at Baobab Primary School in the resort town of Victoria Falls to commemorate regional World Children’s Day.

The event, attended by dignitaries from across the southern Africa region, emphasized universal dedication to the rights and welfare of children, guided by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.

His Excellency President Emmerson Mnangagwa of Zimbabwe extending warm welcome to delegates, underlined the unity and shared goals of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). “Today is a powerful reminder of our collective duty to protect the rights of all children,” he affirmed.

President Mnangagwa’s speech underscored the importance of providing children with quality education and resilience against climate change, all while fostering their sense of identity and pride in their African heritage.

The President expressed gratitude to regional counterparts, particularly President Duma Boko of Botswana, for participating in Zimbabwe’s festivities. In a gesture of regional solidarity, he acknowledged, “Though we hail from different nations, we share a common vision for a vibrant, educated, and united Africa.”

Mr. Edward Kallon, the UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator for Zimbabwe, echoed the President’s sentiments. He stressed the significance of this event as a platform to emphasize children’s rights, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals.

“The UN2.0 and its quintet of change—embracing innovation, technology, and inclusivity—guides the United Nations renewed mission towards a brighter future for all children,” Mr. Kallon stated.

He underscored the UN’s reinvigorated strategy, UN 2.0, aiming for transformational change with children at its core. Kallon called on all stakeholders to remain accountable to the children’s Call to Action, reinforcing the imperative to incorporate young voices in policymaking processes and national development programmes.

Education: A Pillar for Progress

UNICEF Regional Director, Ms. Etleva Kadilli, focused on the transformative power of education. She recognized strides made in various SADC countries that have prioritized digital learning, inclusive education, and curriculum reform. “These advancements illustrate that when governments and educators listen to children and act, significant progress can be achieved,” Ms. Kadilli underlined.
Kadilli acknowledged the persistent challenges facing sub-Saharan Africa, where educational disparities remain stark. She encouraged children present, stating, “Your voices are vital. When you speak, you not only shape your future but ours as well.”

Collective Regional Pledge

His Excellency President Duma Boko of Botswana accepted the honor of hosting the next World Children’s Day commemoration. He pledged his administration’s dedication to addressing the needs and aspirations voiced by the children and youth. “We stand ready to work with you, empowering our children to lead with wisdom and courage,” President Boko assured.

Senior officials from Zambia, Namibia, Mozambique, Malawi, and South Africa echoed these commitments. They affirmed their governments’ resolve to enhance children’s access to quality education, healthcare, and social protection, reinforcing their rights as a priority.

Empowering Through Culture and Heritage

The celebration also spotlighted the role of arts, culture, and heritage in building inclusive societies. President Mnangagwa stressed the importance of embracing cultural identity and utilizing natural resources to foster development and unity. “Let us, together, promote our unique cultural products and enhance our children’s understanding of their heritage,” President ED Mnangagwa encouraged.

Combating Emerging Threats

Addressing contemporary challenges such as climate change and drugs and substance abuse, President Mnangagwa reaffirmed Zimbabwe’s commitment to combating these issues through strategic initiatives like the Presidential Borehole Drilling Scheme and the establishment of Child-Friendly Courts. “Our measures ensure that all children, particularly the vulnerable, have their rights upheld and their futures secured,” he stressed.

A Call to Action and Hope

Ms. Etona Ekole, UNICEF Representative for Zimbabwe said, “This World Children Day, I am incredibly proud to see children from Botswana, Namibia, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe raising their voices for change. Their Call-for-Action is a testament to the power of listening to children and investing in their future.

The event underscored a unified call to invest in children as Southern Africa’s future leaders. With collaborative resolve, the leaders and stakeholders committed to translating discussions into concrete actions, guided by the insights and demands of the children and youth.

Facilitating a call to action from children and youth representatives across seven countries, Ms. Sithabile Mtigo, Speaker of the Junior Parliament of Zimbabwe, highlighted the critical role of young advocates throughout Africa. She declared, “We are the leaders of both the present and the future for Africa.”

The Regional World Children’s Day served as a reminder of the shared journey towards a future where every child’s rights and potential are realized, and every opportunity leveraged.

The commitment made in Victoria Falls to “Educate and Skill the African Child for Posterity” is not only a theme but a driving mission as the African continent marches towards a brighter, more inclusive tomorrow.

SOURCE: Sirak Gebrehiwot is UN Partnerships and Development Finance Advisor at the UN Resident Coordinator’s Office in Zimbabwe

BY STAFF REPORTER

Botswana’s President Mokgweetsi Masisi conceded defeat in the general election Friday, in a seismic moment of change for the county that ended the ruling party’s 58 years in power.

Masisi’s concession came before final results were announced, with his Botswana Democratic Party trailing in fourth place in the parliamentary elections.

The main opposition Umbrella for Democratic Change held a strong lead in the partial results, making its candidate, Duma Boko, the favorite to become president of a southern African country that is one of the world’s biggest producers of mined diamonds.

Masisi said he had called Boko to inform him he was conceding defeat.

“I concede the election,” Masisi said in an early-morning press conference two days after the election. “I am proud of our democratic processes. Although I wanted a second term, I will respectfully step aside and participate in a smooth transition process.”

“I look forward to attending the coming inauguration and cheering on my successor. He will enjoy my support.”

Masisi’s BDP dominated politics in Botswana for nearly six decades, since independence from Britain in 1966. The nation of just 2.5 million people will now be governed by another party for the first time in its democratic history.

SOURCE:AP