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Rampant abuse of workers at Chinese-owned coal mines in Hwange exposed

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BY NOKUTHABA DLAMINI

Twenty-seven-year-old Kudakwashe Nengomasha says he is struggling to live with the humiliation of being assaulted by his former work supervisor in front of friends and workmates over a minor dispute.

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Nengomasha, who was employed as a machine operator at the Chinese-owned Zhong Jian mine in Hwange, Matabeleland North, until January 12 this year when the embarrassing incident took place, said besides the injuries, the assault was a gross attack on his dignity.

According to his workmates, Nengomasha was viciously attacked by his Chinese supervisor only identified as Zhuang, following a dispute.

Zhuang is alleged to have started splashing him with water and when Nengomasha tried to challenge the provocation, he was viciously attacked.

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Contacted for comment, Nengomasha said he was still traumatised to relate the incident and the subsequent ordeal he went through after he was summarily dismissed from his job following the incident.

However, his former workmates were willing to tell his story.

A month-long investigation by The Standard in collaboration with Information for Development Trust (IDT), a non-profit organisation helping journalists probe corruption and bad governance in Zimbabwe and Southern Africa, revealed that the abused machine operator’s shocking experience at the hands of his supervisor was not an isolated  incident at the Chinese- owned coal mines in and around Hwange.

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A number of victims have come forward to narrate a wide range of abuse cases and flouting of labour laws at the two foreign-owned coal mines in the province.

Nengomasha’s ex-employer, Zhong Jian is a Chinese- owned company that has been operating a coal mine on the outskirts of Hwange since 2018.

The Hwange area has seen the mushrooming of Chinese owned coal mines since 2017 after the government dished out special grants as part of its strategy to grow the mining industry to US$12 billion by 2023.

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Zhong Jian, whose operations are primarily open cast coal mining, has an estimated 300 workers according to workers’ committee representatives.

A member of the workers committee who spoke on condition of anonymity to protect his job and that of Nengomasha, who is now employed by another Chinese – owned coal mine, said the brutal assault was a tip of the iceberg.

“It was at 12 noon during our lunch hour when Kudakwashe clashed with our supervisor at the water point.

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“The supervisor started splashing him with water without any provocation and Kudakwashe pleaded with him to stop,” he said.

“In anger, Kudakwashe tried to retaliate, but the supervisor got agitated and started pelting him with stones.”

The workers’ committee member said Zhuang then seized his badly injured subordinate and pounded him with fists, until his workmates intervened.

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Zhuang is alleged to have ordered Nengomasha to leave the mine premises immediately and he reported the assault at Hwange Police Station before going to St Patrick’s Hospital to seek a medical report which, he said, was handed over to the police.

On January 13, Nengomasha was again heavily assaulted by the same supervisor after reporting for work, according to the union leader not named for fear of victimisation. This was despite an existing police report.

The investigations also revealed that Zhong Jian’s human resources department advised Nengomasha to report the second case to the police.

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Zhuang is yet to be arrested for the crime according to police sources.

Matabeleland North police were evasive when reached for comment.

Provincial police spokesperson Inspector Glory Banda said the case was sensitive because it involved a foreign national.

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“I am not allowed to comment on such sensitive issues regarding foreign nationals and our internal officers,” Banda said.

Workers at both Zhong Jian and Zimbabwe ZhongXin Coking Company (ZZCC) said the cases of assault are common, and have on several occasions gone unreported as workers fear losing their jobs.

Another worker, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said the extent of assaults at the companies varied and the contributing factors, according to workers, are based on racial differences and language barriers and “is a way used by their superiors to relieve stress”.

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“Somebody can be hit for failing to understand basic Chinese words, especially this guy who assaulted Nengomasha is in the habit of mistreating people on such grounds,” the worker added.

“They also insult people after getting frustrated because these guys (Chinese) have their own way of doing things so they get frustrated when we apply our skills, even though the results will be the same.

“To them it becomes a problem that many of us have paid for and we have kept quiet because if you challenge them, you are immediately fired.”

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In November last year, an employee at the company’s welding department allegedly sustained a fracture on his thumb after being hit by a grinder and during his off sick days, he was informed by a supervisor that he should not bother to report to work anymore.

Efforts to reach out to the victim were, however, fruitless as he called off the interview a few minutes before it was set, saying he feared for his safety.

In the mechanical department, another worker was said to have been electrocuted while switching on the generator to wash company cars.

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Witnesses said the worker was rushed to a local hospital where he was admitted for two weeks, and when he came back, he was told by his superiors that his services were no longer required.

In addition to the injuries-related dismissals at the Chinese-owned mines, the workers union representatives also outlined several other abuses such as being dismissed for unclear reasons; lack of safety and poor working conditions at the workplace; lack of protective clothing, and poor salaries.

“They can tell you to go back to the gate, and the reason could be that they want to downsise the work force,” one worker’s representative from Zhong Jian said.

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“They just do this without any documentation and all these unjustified dismissals don’t go through the human resources (HR) department,” a ZZCC representative added.

Frustrated workers said even the HR departments had no power to confront their superiors.

“They tell us that the Chinese have the final say so they can’t question any abuse related to assaults, dismissals and poor salaries,” a workers’ representative said.

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Workers at Zhong Jian said such cases were common at the mine, which supplies the Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC) with coal.

“We are routinely assaulted for failing to understand instructions that are issued in Chinese,” said one employee.

“Even our fathers were not treated this badly by the colonialists.”

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A Zhong Jian driver, who spoke anonymously out of fear of victimisation, said their income was not reflective of the profits the business enjoyed selling coal to ZPC.

“When it comes to the ZPC, normally our shunting department has 23 trucks per float and each truck has a capacity to carry 23 tonnes which are sold at US$33 each, which means that we receive US$ 759 per truck load,” the driver said.

“So the profits are huge especially considering that we have three eight hour shifts per day, but they are failing to pay us accordingly.”

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For instance, the National Employment Council (NEC) for the mining industry stipulates that the least paid workers in grade one should be paid US$ 192.28 and ZW$ 12 000, but an investigative survey among the workers in this grade showed they are paid between $30 000 and $35 000 with a foreign currency component of US$50 which only started last month in April.

The workers at both mines, Zhong Jian and ZZCC situated 4.5 kilometers from Lukosi Turn-off along Bulawayo – Victoria Falls highway claimed that they were not provided with adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) as they were issued with one work suit and a pair of shoes twice a year, which they said were of poor quality and only last them six months.

Kurebwa Jabangwe Nomboka, National Mine Workers Union of Zimbabwe president, said the grievances of workers at Zhong Jian and ZZCC were common among Chinese – owned mines across the country.

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“We have had to deal with the resistance by the Chinese employers who do not want to adhere to our labour laws by addressing the issues at NEC level where we have pending cases awaiting redress,” Nomboka said.

“The problems we are facing with regards to violation of labour rights include non-remittance of trade union dues, arbitrary dismissals, non-payment of allowances, and underpayment of wages and non-payment of the US dollar portion of wages by companies like Zimberly Mine, ZZCC and Dinson.”

He said the situation was worsened by interference from Zanu PF officials, who negotiated with Chinese mine owners to pay wages that were lower than the gazetted minimum wage.

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Nomboka said mines routinely scrapped contracts of employees, who complain of ill-treatment as they took advantage of the high unemployment rate in Zimbabwe, which means they can easily replace workers.

“When my paralegal visited NEC mining to register the cases, he was told that some of the employers do not even bother to attend hearings as they have total disdain for our labour laws,” he said.

“They behave as if they have been granted special immunity to our labour laws.

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“So as much as we might want to see compliance and treatment worthy of human dignity from these Chinese employers, more needs to be done given the fact that our government is not doing anything to stop them from their malpractices.

“The only remedy available to us is to expose these irregularities at the international level so that it is Zimbabwe, which will be censured for such violations.”

At Zhong Jian, a Chinese official who identified himself as Michael said he was not interested in discussing any affairs of their company.

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“Why do you keep troubling us?” the official answered through their mobile number offered on the company’s website.

“What is your matter, I am not interested in talking to you and what Zhong Jian does, please leave me alone.” he said before abruptly ending the conversation.

The ZZCC telephone lines were not answered on several occasions.

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Mines and Development minister Winston Chitando encouraged workers in the mining sector to report all forms of abuse to their districts and provincial labour and mines offices for the government to take action.

“Sometime last year government launched what we called the Responsible Mining Initiative and it was a new initiative that was adopted by Cabinet where it became a requirement for all mining companies to take place in compliance with the laws of the country be it labour laws, marketing of products in formal channels, immigration laws and all the laws of the country,” Chitando told The Standard.

“Now having said that, if there are any incidents of that nature, they should be brought up to government and to my ministry and they should also report to the Ministry of Labour as they have structures, which stretch to provincial and district labour, mines and public relations officers who will act where cases of this nature have happened because they are unacceptable as all mining should take place in compliance with various laws of the country and if they are reported, necessary action will be taken.”

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National

Zimbabwe Republic Police officer faces charges for allegedly claiming to be ZRP boss

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BY STAFF REPORTER

A Zimbabwe Republic Police (ZRP) officer appeared in court today facing charges of causing disaffection among police officers, procuring the use of a motor vehicle by fraud, and transmitting false data messages intending to cause harm.

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Simbarashe Mandizvidza, an Assistant Inspector in the ZRP, was remanded in custody to Monday, when he will apply for bail.

According to the State, Mandizvidza on August 14, broadcast a video on his YouTube channel, Gondo Harishaye, claiming to be the head of the ZRP, despite knowing that Commissioner General Stephen Mutamba holds the position.

The State alleges that Mandizvidza’s actions were intended to cause disaffection among police officers, contrary to Section 30 of the Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act, Chapter 9:23.

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Mandizvidza is also accused of procuring the use of a Ford Ranger vehicle by misrepresenting to Chief Inspector Chiteure that he had been instructed by Commissioner Makomo to use the vehicle for errands.

Furthermore, the State alleges that Mandizvidza transmitted false data messages on his YouTube channel, including claims that the ZRP Traffic section had been temporarily disbanded and that Chinese nationals must leave Zimbabwe within 48 hours.

The State indicated that it will oppose Mandizvidza’s bail application, citing the seriousness of the offenses and the need to protect the public interest.

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The case continues on Monday.

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Zimbabwe roads claim 24 lives over Heroes holiday

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BY NOKUTHABA DLAMINI 

A total of 24 people lost their lives on Zimbabwe’s roads during the 2025 Heroes and Defence Forces holidays, according to statistics released by the Zimbabwe Republic Police.

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The police reported 196 road traffic accidents, 13 of which were fatal, between August 11 and 13. This represents a significant increase from the previous year’s figures, which saw 149 accidents and eight fatalities.

Reckless driving, mechanical faults, speeding, and overtaking errors were cited as major causes of the accidents.

Two major accidents occurred during the period, including a fatal crash on the Mutare-Masvingo Road that claimed the lives of six Zion Christian Church congregants. Another accident on the Bindura-Shamva Road resulted in four fatalities and 17 injuries.

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The police have urged motorists to prioritize vehicle maintenance, avoid speeding and reckless overtaking, and adhere to road rules and regulations to prevent further loss of life.

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Another Zimbabwe gold coin sale registers little for most

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BY GAMUCHIRAI MASIYIWA

With the price of gold up globally, the Reserve Bank of

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Zimbabwe in April put the gold coins it stopped minting a year earlier back on the

market.

But interested investors had to act fast.

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By mid-June, the sale of coins from its accumulated stock was abruptly concluded

and another chapter of the currency chaos that has characterized the nation’s

economy for decades was in the books. This time, at least, economists say the

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experiment had little effect.

The short-lived sale is just the latest example in a long line of inconsistent policies,

says Ithiel Mavesere, a lecturer in the economics and development department at theUniversity of Zimbabwe. Storing value in a gold coin is not a viable option for the

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majority of the population, he adds.

“Ideally, what they should have done is come up with low-value coins, with

denominations as low as equivalent to US$20 for the majority of the population to

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afford,

” Mavesere says.

However, Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Governor John Mushayavanhu says in a written

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response to Global Press Journal that the gold coins were effective as an alternative

investment instrument and there was huge demand from both corporations and

individuals. According to RBZ data, corporations bought about 79% of the gold coins

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and individuals bought about 21%.

About US$12 million’s worth sold

The lowest denomination of the coins represents a tenth of an ounce of gold,

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equivalent to 9,299.13 in Zimbabwe gold, or ZiG, the national currency, or about

US$347. The highest denomination of the coins represents one ounce of gold,

equivalent to ZiG 92,991.34 or about US$3,470.

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In all, the central bank has sold gold coins worth ZiG 343 million, or about US$12.8

million, according to Mushayavanhu, who says the recent sale happened after the

bank noted increased demand following the rise in international gold prices.

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“In this context, the Reserve Bank re-issued an accumulated parcel of gold coins from

a combination of gold coins which had been bought back from the market through

redemptions and some coins which were still being held at the Reserve Bank from

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the previously minted stock,

” the governor wrote.

A statement from the bank in mid-June announcing the halt to the sale indicated it

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had been intended to clear the stock of gold coins it had and those that had been

cashed in by their holders.

Mushayavanhu says the bank stopped minting gold coins in April 2024 to prioritize its

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gold reserve which, along with foreign currency reserves, backs the Zimbabwe gold

currency.

He says foreign reserves increased from US$270 million in April 2024 to US$731 million

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as of the end of June.

The central bank first introduced the Mosi-oa-Tunya gold coins — which share an

indigenous name for Victoria Falls — in 2022 at a time when the country was

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experiencing currency instability with high inflation and continued devaluation of

what was then the national currency, the Zimbabwe dollar.

The coins aimed to reduce dependency on the US dollar and help stabilize the

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economy. The coins helped mop up excess cash in local currency that was circulatingin the market. Coupled with other monetary measures in 2022, the monthly inflation

rate dropped from about 31% in June to about 12% in August that year.

However, the exchange rate of the Zimbabwe dollar drastically fell against the US

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dollar and the government replaced it with the new Zimbabwe gold currency in April

2024. Since its introduction, the currency’s value has been cut in half.

A ‘drop in the ocean’

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Lyle Begbie, an economist with Oxford Economics Africa, believes the sale of the gold

coins when they were introduced in 2022 was more of a revenue-generating scheme,

as it happened at a time when inflation was very high.

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He says it makes sense that the recent sale of gold coins was influenced by the

increase in gold prices on the global market. But he adds that the value of gold coins

was too little to have an impact on the economy. Begbie says the US$12.8 million in

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coins the central bank reported selling is less than 1% of Zimbabwe’s gross domestic

product — which the World Bank estimates at US$44 billion — a “drop in the ocean”

when it comes to the country’s macroeconomic picture.

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Prosper Chitambara, an economist based in Harare, agrees the impact of the recent

sale was minimal. He says gold coins don’t have a significant impact on currency

stability in an economy like Zimbabwe’s, which is highly informal and also highly

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dollarized — meaning it’s heavily reliant on the US dollar as a currency.

“Most economic agents in our economy prefer to transact using their US dollars

because it’s a highly tradable and highly liquid asset. … So there’s a huge confidence

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and trust in the USD than in the gold coins or even in the Zimbabwe gold,

Chitambara says.

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Samuel Wadzai, the executive director of Vendors Initiative for Social and Economic

Transformation, an organization in Harare that advocates for the informal business

sector, says there have been a few instances where members have tried to use gold

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coins for everyday transactions, but it hasn’t been widespread.

“Most traders still prefer cash due to the challenges of acceptance and the limited

understanding of gold coins in everyday trade,

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” he says.

Isheanesu Kwenda, 31, a Harare street vendor with a sociology degree, says the recent

sale of gold coins didn’t offer any benefit for him. Like many Zimbabweans, he has

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heard about the gold coins, but has never seen or opted to buy them. The vendor is

part of Zimbabwe’s informal economy, which sustains over 80% of Zimbabwe’s

population and contributes nearly 72% to the country’s GDP.

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“Street economics informs that you should not attempt to get something you are not

sure of or do not understand. … I prefer to sell my goods and keep my money in US

dollars because it holds value, or I can keep my money in stock,

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” Kwenda says of theclothing he sells.

Last year, Kwenda lost more than half his earnings after Zimbabwe gold was

introduced. After being paid the equivalent of US$1,000 in Zimbabwe dollars, he only

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managed to salvage US$360 and lost the rest in exchange rate losses.

For Kwenda, restoring confidence is simple: The government must stick to a plan,

without making sudden U-turns

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This story was originally published by Global Press Journal

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