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Zimbabwe’s human wildlife conflict compensation scheme met with scepticism

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BY NOKUTHABA DLAMINI

Windas Sianene is grateful that he miraculously survived a crocodile attack soon after escaping from being trampled by elephants, but he says life has become a nightmare for him and his children.

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Sianene (43) from Binga had his left leg and arm bitten off by a crocodile in the morning of September 28 after he jumped into Mlibizi River while fleeing from five elephants that had approached him as he was fishing with friends.

His right leg was also badly injured by the crocodile attack.

The father-of-three was attacked by the crocodile as he tried to swim to safety and survived the epic battle with the reptile by jumping on its back and shoving his arm down its throat to make it gag until he was rescued.

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Sianene was taken to Mpilo Hospital in Bulawayo – about 436 kilometres from his home in Binga – where both his legs and left arm were amputated, but his nightmare did not end there.

His wounds did not heal until relatives took him to Zambia where he was amputated on both legs again because the doctors said the initial procedure at Mpilo Hospital was botched.

The unemployed widower has been relying on relatives and well-wishers to cover medical costs and for the upkeep of his family.

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“I have not been helped by anyone from the government,” he said.

“They tried to contact me soon after the incident, but I have not heard anything from them since then.

“It’s only well-wishers that have been assisting me (with food and medical fees).”

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Sianene’s plight will resonate with hundreds of victims of wildlife conflict across Zimbabwe who are left to struggle on their own to access medical care or any form of compensation because of the absence of an appropriate framework.

Cases of human wildlife conflict have been on the increase with research by the Zimbabwe Environmental Lawyers Association indicating that attacks by wild animals rose by a staggering 293% between 2016 and last year.

The Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority (Zimparks) said more than 60 people were killed by wild animals between January and May this year, which was equivalent to the number of people killed in the whole of 2020.

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Last year, 72 lives were lost due to human wildlife conflicts that are blamed on unsustainable population growth of animals such as elephants and encroachment of human settlements into wildlife habitat.

Communities in wildlife corridors also regularly lose their crops and livestock as competition for water and food between wild animals and humans intensifies.

The government recently said it was setting up a human wildlife conflict compensation fund to cushion victims through medical assistance and where death occurs, funeral assistance will be provided.

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It is based on a self-financing model where proceeds from hunting and other crowd funding activities would be pooled for the relief effort, but conservationists and activists are not convinced that it will go far enough in addressing the plight of victims of human wildlife conflict such as Sianene.

Blessing Matasva, co-founder of the Green Institute Trust that has been monitoring human wildlife conflicts in Manicaland province, said it was not clear how the proposed fund will assist victims and resolve the deadly conflicts.

“We have our reservations in terms of how the fund is going to operate since the government has highlighted that it is a self-funding mechanism,” Matasva said.

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“We are worried that there won’t be enough money flowing to the fund.

“Issues of regulatory frameworks protecting the funds need to be addressed because there is an issue of the limit to say who is going to get compensated.”

Given Moyo, a councillor in one of the wards in Hwange district that bears the brunt of the human wild conflicts, said there was need to overhaul a number of laws to protect communities.

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“We have been advocating for communities to benefit from their natural resources, including elephants that are being sold to Asian countries,” Moyo said.

“Elephants also destroy crops and we have been lobbying that they be culled so that the meat is given to starving people in the communities, but our pleas have been ignored.

“We are worried about the recently announced compensation scheme because it does not address the real issues that communities are facing.

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“We want the compensation fund to be backed by a law so that victims and communities can hold those in power to account when they don’t deliver.

He added: “We cannot celebrate a fund that is not complete when people’s crops are being destroyed year after year and lives are lost due to mismanagement of natural resources.”

Mutasva said the funds should promote human wildlife conflict prevention measures such as fencing of game reserves, introduction of community benefit schemes and provision of water.

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“They are only talking about three compensatory measures that are for death, injury and maiming,” he added.

“It should also address loss of crops because there has been a lot of damage there and they must help the survivors because in some instances it is breadwinners who become victims of human wildlife conflicts.

“They should also consider psychological support for victims because most of these families are left to mourn on their own.

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“Above all, we need a law that regulates these funds because without that the money is bound to be misused.”

Jephat Muzamba, a traditional leader in Binga, said the compensation scheme must go beyond covering medical and funeral expenses as communities were losing their livelihoods to human wildlife conflicts.

“The fund should help protect people from the wild animals because in my area many people have been killed together with their livestock,” Muzamba said.

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“In some instances, some people have been left nursing permanent injuries and for the government to say they will only cater for a funeral is not enough as the victims need to be looked after.”

Conservationists say Zimbabwe can copy neighbouring Botswana’s human wildlife conflict compensation model.

The Botswana government pays transport and medical costs for victims of attacks by wild animals.

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In the event of death, the victim’s family is given money to cover funeral costs and loss of income.

The government also pays compensation for loss of livestock, which is 35% of the killed domestic animals and where crops are destroyed, the farmers receive a payout to repair the damaged fences and buy seed.

 

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In the community

Drought has brought trucks of shame to Lupane

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BY NOKUTHABA DLAMINI

In rural Lubimbi and Gwayi, Lupane district, the drought has done more than dry up rivers; it is straining communities.

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Year after year, the rains fail, fields are left cracked and hunger tightens its grip. Now, girls as young as 14 are being drawn into sex work—sometimes with their parents’ knowledge—just to put food on the table.

At Gwayi growth point, where haulage trucks park overnight along the Victoria Falls–Bulawayo highway, the trade is an open secret.

Harvest of Pain

“We see a lot of trucks coming here to park,” says Coster Ncube, a Gwayi villager. “Parents end up allowing their daughters to roam around at night for sex work because there’s no food at home. The fathers are unemployed and poverty is crushing us.”

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Ncube’s voice carries both anger and grief. His 13-year-old niece, who was in Grade 7, recently fell pregnant after being sexually exploited by a married man who has since vanished.

“She’s in hospital now, waiting to give birth,” he told NewsHub on 26 September. “It’s heartbreaking. These are children who should be in school, not out here dying of diseases.”

He adds that the girls often come from as far as Jotsholo, Mabale, Cross Dete, Lupote and Lupane Centre—hundreds of kilometres away—drawn by the trucks and the chance to earn a few dollars through commercial sex.

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“They’re between 14 and 21,” he says. “All they want is survival.”

For Selina Mthupha, a 47-year-old widow and small-scale farmer in Lubimbi, climate change has turned her once productive fields into dust.

“We used to have maize and groundnuts stacked in our granaries,” she says. “Now, even the millet dies before it tassels. The borehole water is salty, and the riverbeds are dry.”

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She says she struggles to feed her two teenage daughters. “When I hear that girls their age are doing sex work for two dollars, I don’t judge. I cry. Because hunger can make you do things you never thought possible.”

Selina says she once dreamed of sending her children to college. “Now I just dream of rain.”

The desperation in Lupane mirrors findings from national research.

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A 2025 study titled “Climate Change and the Feminisation of Poverty in Africa” established that climate change in rural Zimbabwe is deepening food insecurity and forcing women and girls into survival strategies that expose them to exploitation.

The study noted that failed harvests and long dry spells have left women with fewer economic options and greater vulnerability to abuse and transactional sex.

Another report published in 2021, “Challenges Faced by Rural People in Mitigating the Effects of Climate Change in the Mazungunye Community, Masvingo Province”, found that communities were already suffering the direct impacts of climate change: failed crops, loss of livestock, and worsening poverty.

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It warned that most rural families lack access to climate-adaptive resources, leaving them trapped in a cycle of vulnerability.

For Ruth Bikwa, director of Hopeville, an organisation which works in child protection in Hwange’s Matabeleland North province, the crisis reflects a dangerous intersection of climate change, poverty, and neglect.

“When harvests fail and there’s nothing to eat, girls start finding other means to survive,” she explains.

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“It’s not about choice, it’s about hunger. They trade sex for one or two dollars, just enough to buy mealie-meal or soap. And once they start, they face abuse, disease, and stigma. It becomes a trap.”

Bikwa says when droughts and economic shocks worsen, so does child exploitation. “It follows the poverty line. The harsher the climate, the more vulnerable the children become.”

“We Are Failing Our Children”

At Gwayi Centre, a resident, Shelter Vengesai Mpofu says drought has turned daily life into a survival theatre.

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“Our boreholes run dry by midday,” she says. “We used to harvest from our fields, but now there’s nothing. The children see others making money from truck drivers and think that’s their only chance.”

She pauses, then continues: “We are failing our children — not because we want to, but because poverty leaves us helpless.”

At Gwayi Valley Primary School, teacher Mthulisi Ncube (name changed as teachers are not always allowed to speak directly with the press) says climate change is not only wiping out crops but also the classroom.

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“We’ve lost many girls from the upper grades,” he says. “Some stop coming because they don’t have uniforms or sanitary pads. Others are lured by quick money. You can tell when hunger follows a child. They stop concentrating, then they disappear.”

He says teachers try to intervene, but most families are too poor to cope. “How do you tell a hungry child to stay in school when there’s no food at home? It’s better though now because the government at times provides hot meals in schools after realising this challenge.”

“It’s Laziness, Not Hunger”

Ward 24 councillor Senzeni Sibanda sees things differently.

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“Our children don’t want to go to school or do physical work,” she says. “We have a vocational training centre and detergent-making lessons for just three dollars, but they refuse. They prefer quick money.”

Sibanda says her office has appealed for limits on overnight truck parking but was told the law allows drivers to rest anywhere along the road.

“The trucks bring prostitution, yes, but our youths are also lazy. They don’t want to work.”

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Her remarks, however, clash sharply with what parents and activists say: that climate-induced poverty, not laziness, is driving desperation.

Human rights advocates warn that without urgent action — food relief, youth empowerment programs, and climate adaptation projects — the situation will worsen.

“It’s easy to judge,” says Bikwa, “but when the earth no longer gives, people do what they must to survive.”

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For many families, this is what climate change looks like—not just cracked soil and empty dams, but lost childhoods and futures fading in the dust.

A 2024 parliamentary meeting revealed a staggering statistic: 4 557 school girls dropped out of school due to pregnancy in 2023 alone.

The majority of these girls (3 942) were from rural schools, and most were in secondary school.

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Then, minister of Primary and Secondary Education, Torerai Moyo, said the Education Management Information System (EMIS) tracked these annual figures, and that the government was introducing guidance, counselling in schools, and legal protections via the Education Amendment Act of 2020, allowing pregnant girls to take a two week maternity leave and return.

Recent statistics from the National AIDS Council (NAC) show that Matabeleland North Province has an adult HIV prevalence rate of about 14.4–14.5% among people aged 15 and above, significantly higher than the national average of around 11.7%.

This elevated rate is linked to factors such as increased sex work around mining sites and business centres, migration, spousal separation, and inconsistent condom use. NAC has specifically flagged Bubi District as one of the areas with high risk due to mining and business centre activity, as well as Lupane and Hwange.

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SOURCE: Newshub

 

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In the community

Hwange women unite against breast cancer

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BY DANIEL MOLOKELE 

Hwange – Some good news from the coalfields!

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Women from across Hwange Central Constituency have taken a united stance against breast cancer, joining hands to raise awareness and educate their communities about one of the deadliest diseases affecting women in Zimbabwe.

Earlier today, scores of women representatives drawn from several wards across the constituency gathered at Makwika Ward 15 for a belated Breast Cancer Awareness Month event.

Breast Cancer Awareness Month is celebrated globally every October, but the Hwange Central event had to be postponed from the third weekend of October due to various factors. Despite the delay, the women turned out in large numbers, showing their commitment to the fight against cancer.

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During the awareness session, the participants went through an informative health education programme where they were taught the basic facts about breast cancer in Zimbabwe. The discussions also covered other deadly cancers that continue to challenge the country’s public healthcare system — including cervical, prostate, and lung cancer, among others.

The most important message shared during the event was the need to intensify awareness campaigns at the community level so that people can start recognizing early symptoms and seek medical attention in time.

Zimbabwe continues to struggle in its fight against all forms of cancer because most people delay seeking medical help until it is too late for effective treatment. The women were reminded that early detection and medication remain the best strategy to beat any form of cancer.

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At the end of the event, the Hwange women pledged to conduct more breast cancer awareness programmes throughout the coming year. They also committed to encouraging women from other constituencies in Matabeleland North Province to start their own local campaigns in their respective areas.

The event, held in Hwange, marked a strong show of solidarity among women determined to protect each other through knowledge, awareness, and community action — proving that unity is indeed power in the fight against breast cancer. 🎀

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In the community

MPs raise alarm over illegal gold mining threatening Inyathi hospital

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BY NOKUTHABA DLAMINI 

The Parliamentary Portfolio Committee on Health and Child Care has raised serious concern over illegal gold mining activities taking place directly beneath Inyathi District Hospital in Bubi District, Matabeleland North — warning that the facility’s infrastructure could collapse if the practice continues unchecked.

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The revelation came during the committee’s ongoing verification visits to rural health centres across Zimbabwe, aimed at assessing the state of medical infrastructure, equipment, and essential drug availability. The visits, led by Hon. Daniel Molokele, are being conducted on behalf of the committee chairperson, Hon. Dr. Thokozani Khupe.

Speaking to VicFallsLive, Molokele said the team was shocked to discover that artisanal miners (amakorokoza) had extended their illegal mining tunnels under the hospital grounds.

“One of the things that we found at Inyathi District Hospital is that amakorokoza are now doing their gold mining right under the hospital,” said Molokele. “They used to do it outside, but now they have gone beneath the facility. There is a real risk that the infrastructure might collapse because of the underground pressure. This is lawlessness that the government urgently needs to address.”

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Molokele added that the situation reflects broader governance and enforcement challenges in mining communities, where unregulated artisanal mining continues to threaten both public safety and environmental health.

“Most of the cases that patients come with are physical wounds — largely injuries from violent clashes among the amakorokoza,” he said. “There’s a lot of violence happening there, and it is putting a heavy burden on an already under-resourced hospital.”

The committee, which began its tour on Monday in Inyathi before proceeding to Avoca in Insiza District (Matabeleland South), Gundura in Masvingo, and Mutiusinazita in Buhera (Manicaland), is compiling findings that will inform parliamentary recommendations.

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“We will produce a report that will have clear recommendations,” Molokele said. “The National Assembly will debate it, and the Minister of Health will use it to engage the Minister of Finance, especially in the upcoming budget process. We are hoping for a renewed focus on rural healthcare centres, which have been neglected and underfunded for many years.”

Molokele said the verification exercise — though limited by time and financial constraints — seeks to highlight conditions in at least one rural health facility per province.

The committee’s findings come at a time when Zimbabwe’s rural health infrastructure is under severe strain, with many facilities struggling with drug shortages, outdated equipment, and deteriorating buildings. The situation in Inyathi now adds a new dimension of danger — where illegal mining is not only threatening livelihoods but also public infrastructure meant to save lives.

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