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Zimbabwe counts costs of rise in illicit alcohol use driven by economic hardships

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BY NYASHA CHINGONO

It is 7pm and inside the shebeen, or unlicensed bar, in Harare, men and women clutch small bottles of “whisky” and talk animatedly as they dance to loud music.

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One man staggers and falls over, to the amusement of other drinkers.

He mumbles inaudible words as he drifts into sleep.

Nearby, two other men doze after spending hours in the bar on a sweltering September day.

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A group of drinkers erupt into laughter as their young friend soils himself.

“He does this all this time. The young boy is a bad drinker,” one says.

This popular shebeen in Mabvuku, east of central Harare, serves up cheap booze and big profits for the manager, Wellington Musema*.

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“I sell close to 12 cartons [144 bottles] of whisky every day,” he says. “I make a lot of money.”

But most of the alcohol on sale is illegal.

Bottles of potent moonshine brews, sold under the guise of whisky, gin and vodka, have flooded Zimbabwe over the past few years.

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Known by street names such as musombodia, kachasu or tumbwa, the drinks are made by mixing ethanol or methanol with a brownish colouring.

Illegal distillers dilute it with water to reduce the alcohol content.

The liquid is then packaged as a legitimate bottle of spirits, complete with imitation labels for brands such as Jameson Irish whiskey, Two Keys and Four Cousins.

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Even more illicit whisky known as Soldier is sold in plastic sachets.

For 50 US cents (36p), drinkers can buy a 200ml bottle of very strong fake whisky. For US$5 (£3.60), they can buy 12 bottles.

But while the packaging may claim the drink is 40 percent alcohol, in reality the content could be much higher, making it dangerously intoxicating and addictive.

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“Whenever you see someone sleeping by the roadside, either in the heat or in rain, know that these are the effects of this [drink]. It is highly intoxicating and has become highly addictive,” says Samuel Munetsi*, 43, at the shebeen.

While some of the fake spirits are smuggled into the country through the porous borders, others are made locally in backyard stills.

In Harare’s Graniteside industrial estate, several backyard stills have emerged, taking advantage of the increased demand for the illicit drinks after the government closed the beerhalls in March last year at the start of Covid lockdowns.

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At Musema’s shebeen in Mabvuku, bottles and red bottle tops are strewn all over the floor.

“My suppliers are in Mbare and always give me good deals because of the volumes I push daily,” says Musema, whose shebeen is often raided by police.

“I have a special supply from people who make this whisky. They give me discounted rates.”

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The 35-year-old makes US$150 on a good day. Business is picking up as the government relaxes its lockdown rules.

Gladmore Muyambo*, 35, says she drinks five bottles of the fake whisky a day, as well as lagers and traditional sorghum beer.

Muyambo goes from shebeen to shebeen in the hope that someone will buy her a drink.

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Her two young daughters are now cared for by her mother.

“I am divorced, and life has been very tough,” she says.

“There is nothing else to do but to drink.

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“This is how I drown my sorrows. But I fear that this could kill me one day.”

Although illicit alcohol is not new to Zimbabwe, sales have grown in the townships – along with the use of crystal meth us – in recent years amid the country’s economic crisis. Zimbabwe has nearly 90 percent unemployment, with young people most affected.

In Mbare, one of Zimbabwe’s oldest townships, whisky hawkers display their wares.

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“Give me US$5, I’ll give you the whole pack, this is good quality,” shouts one seller.

Abigail Chifamba*, 26, sits in the sun cleaning red bottle tops with a toothbrush to prepare packaging for her merchandise.

She spends part of her day looking for old whisky bottles she can recycle.

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“Packaging is expensive, so I go around looking for used bottles, clean them and repackage the whisky. It is cheaper because they already have labels,” Chifamba says.

She pours brown liquid from a 20-litre container into each bottle, before displaying them on her makeshift stall.

Last month, her neighbour died after a drinking binge.

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A postmortem examination showed he had a damaged liver, she says.

“We were shocked at his sudden death and the doctors said most of his internal organs had been seriously damaged.

“I think this is from the heavy drinking of musombodia,” Chifamba says.

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Authorities are trying to flush out the illicit alcohol business in Zimbabwe, but it has proved difficult.

Paul Nyathi, a police spokesman, said officers had conducted raids and arrests around the country.

“We are aware that there are people selling fake wines and whiskies made in backyard premises.

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“We have conducted raids in Mbare, Highfields and other parts of Zimbabwe apprehending those selling such substances.

“We are working with beverages companies and other relevant authorities.

“We urge members of the public to prioritise their health.”

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Wilson Box, director of the Zimbabwe Civil Liberties and Drug Network, said the sale and consumption of illicit alcohol had become a national problem.

“The situation is so bad in high-density areas [and] rural areas. In most ghettoes, this is a substitute for the local lagers.

“The worst-case scenario is that drinkers go into a coma and never recover from it. They die silently but painfully,” Box said.

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He urged the government to prioritise cleaning up the streets and closing down the backyard stills.

While the government has set up a national taskforce to deal with endemic drug use, it has yet to do so for alcohol abuse.

“There is no official data on illicit whisky,” he says.

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“Illicit whisky should be placed as a priority area, just like drugs, because there is no data on it but the effects are just as alarming.”

Fabian Musoro, national programme manager for the government’s mental health services department, says alcohol addiction is behind an increase in mental health problems in Zimbabwe.

“It is unfortunate that the authorities and experts do not have figures because there are no official studies,” Musoro says.

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“We hope that now that government has set a taskforce to look into drugs, studies would be done on alcohol. Evidence is there right in the street.” – The Guardian

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    October 3, 2021 at 2:16 pm

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In the community

Tsholotsho teacher dismissed over protest photo, union cries foul

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BY NOKUTHABA DLAMINI

A Tsholotsho teacher has been dismissed from the public service after participating in an online protest by taking a photo in class holding a placard demanding better wages, a move that has drawn sharp criticism from a teachers’ union.

According to a letter dated April 10, 2026, from the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education in Matabeleland North, Bridget Dhliwayo, a teacher at Zibungululu Secondary School in Tsholotsho District, was found guilty of misconduct and discharged from service with effect from May 14.

The dismissal letter, signed by Jabulani Mpofu, the Chief Director for Provincial Education Services in Matabeleland North, states that Dhliwayo violated public service regulations by taking a selfie inside a classroom on May 13, 2025, holding a placard reading: “We demand a fair wage; we say no more to slave wages. Sifuna imali now.”

Authorities said she shared the image on a WhatsApp group linked to the Amalgamated Rural Teachers of Zimbabwe (ARTUZ) and failed to conduct lessons over several days in May 2025, in breach of her duties.

“This is not the first time that you have been found guilty of misconduct,” the letter reads, adding that Dhliwayo had previously received warnings.

However, ARTUZ condemned the dismissal in a statement posted on X, arguing that the action criminalises labour activism.

“Since when has exercising labour rights become a dismissible offence?” the union said, describing the incident as part of an online demonstration campaign over low salaries.

Zimbabwean teachers, represented by groups such as ARTUZ, have long protested against poor pay and working conditions, often clashing with authorities over strikes and demonstrations, which are tightly regulated under public service rules.

The letter advises Dhliwayo that she may appeal the decision to the Labour Court or seek a review through the Public Service Commission within 21 days, although such processes do not automatically suspend the penalty.

The Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education had not publicly commented on the union’s claims at the time of publication.

 

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In the community

Nkayi’s mortuary crisis leaves families racing against time

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BY NOKUTHABA DLAMINI

When an elephant trampled Mbusi Mabhena to death two weeks ago in Mthoniselwa village in Nkayi, his family’s grief was swiftly compounded by another ordeal.

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By the following day, he had been buried.

In Ward 13 of Nkayi district, there was no time for a traditional week-long wake or a post-mortem examination. There is no mortuary.

Local leaders say immediate burials have become common in parts of Nkayi and neighbouring Lupane, where families cannot preserve bodies due to a lack of cold storage facilities.

Weston Msimango, the councillor for Ward 13, said Mr Mabhena’s body was covered with sand before burial in an attempt to slow decomposition.

“It has become normal for people to be buried within 24 hours,” he said. “We have no facilities to keep them.”

The problem centres on Mbuma Mission Hospital, the main referral hospital for Nkayi and Lupane districts. Despite serving thousands of people, it has never had a mortuary.

For many villagers, transporting a body to cities such as Bulawayo or Gweru is too expensive. As a result, families resort to improvised methods to manage the smell of decomposition while making urgent burial arrangements.

Thandiwe Moyo, from Mkalathi village, said families often use sand and bananas to try to reduce odours while waiting for a few relatives to gather.

“To bury someone you love within 24 hours, without a proper goodbye because there is no cold room, feels like we are disposing of trash rather than honouring a life,” she said.

Residents say the lack of basic infrastructure contrasts sharply with the political rallies occasionally held in the district.

Jabulani Hadebe, the Member of Parliament for Nkayi South, has criticised what he describes as a lack of political will to address the issue.

He pointed to a large 2023 election rally in the area, attended by senior political figures, as an example of misplaced priorities.

“Leaders had an opportunity to visit the hospital, see what was missing and help,” he said. “Instead, the focus was on displays of wealth.”

Hadebe also alleged that some people who attended the rally were given spoiled food and later fell ill, though this claim could not be independently verified.

Sibusiso Sibanda, from Gonye village, said residents struggle to reconcile the arrival of luxury vehicles at rallies with the absence of a basic mortuary facility.

“They can come with big cars and give out meat, but they cannot finish a small room at Mbuma to keep the dead,” he said.

He added that without funeral insurance or money for transport, families have little choice but to bury relatives quickly.

“In the morning you are alive. If you die and you do not have a funeral policy, by evening you are in the sand,” he said. “There is no dignity left.”

Villagers in Somakantane said the absence of a mortuary has also disrupted cultural practices that require the body to remain at home for several days before burial.

The situation is not unique to Nkayi. Lawmakers have raised similar concerns in Binga, where some hospitals also operate without mortuary facilities.

Despite the issue being raised in Parliament, there has been no formal response from the government indicating when mortuaries might be built or repaired in affected districts.

The Ministry of Health’s spokesperson, Donald Mujiri, could not be reached for comment.

SOURCE: CITE

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National

Zimbabwe export surge, diaspora inflows mask funding gaps in foreign affairs sector

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BY STAFF REPORTER 

Zimbabwe is seeing strong gains in export earnings and diaspora remittances, but lawmakers warn chronic underfunding is undermining the country’s diplomatic and economic ambitions.

Parliament heard that remittances reached about $1.8 billion by the third quarter of 2025, while exports rose sharply, helping cut the trade deficit. Lawmakers said the diaspora remains “a vital source of foreign exchange, directly contributing to the enhancement of the nation’s foreign reserves and overall economic stability.”  

However, MPs said financial constraints are weakening the institutions meant to sustain that growth. The Zimbabwe Foreign Services Institute received only a fraction of its budget, limiting recruitment and training.

“The staffing shortfall has inevitably affected operational efficiency and the institute’s ability to discharge its core mandate,” the committee report noted.  

Lawmakers warned that without consistent funding, gains in exports and diaspora engagement could stall, particularly as Zimbabwe pushes toward an export-led economy.

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